XOR Problem
The function that the single-layer Perceptron cannot learn — because XOR is not linearly separable.
The function that the single-layer Perceptron cannot learn — because XOR is not linearly separable. The XOR (exclusive OR) outputs 1 when exactly one input is 1. Solving XOR requires a multi-layer network. The failure on XOR, published in Perceptrons (Minsky & Papert, 1969), triggered the first AI winter.