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The abode of AI
for every student

24 landmark AI papers, explained like a brilliant older sibling — over chai, in plain language, with real math and working code. Free forever.

24
Research papers
19
Math tutorials
50
Dictionary terms
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The story of AI — 24 papers

Every major idea that led to ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini — explained from the ground up. Read in order, or jump to any paper.

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01
1950 Foundations
Computing Machinery and Intelligence
Alan Turing
Beginner
02
1958 Foundations
The Perceptron: A Probabilistic Model for Information Storage and Organization in the Brain
Frank Rosenblatt
Beginner
03
1986 Foundations
Learning Representations by Back-propagating Errors
Intermediate
04
1997 Foundations
Long Short-Term Memory
Intermediate
05
2013 Embeddings & Seq
Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space (Word2Vec)
Intermediate
06
2014 Embeddings & Seq
Sequence to Sequence Learning with Neural Networks
Intermediate
07
2014 Embeddings & Seq
Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate
Intermediate
08
2017 Transformer & Scale
Attention Is All You Need
Intermediate
⭐ Start here
09
2017 Transformer & Scale
Outrageously Large Neural Networks: The Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts Layer
Intermediate
10
2018 Transformer & Scale
Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training
Intermediate
11
2018 Transformer & Scale
BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding
Intermediate
12
2020 Transformer & Scale
Language Models are Few-Shot Learners
Intermediate
13
2020 Transformer & Scale
Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models
Intermediate
14
2022 Alignment & Reasoning
Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models
Intermediate
15
2022 Alignment & Reasoning
Training Language Models to Follow Instructions with Human Feedback
Intermediate
16
2023 Alignment & Reasoning
Let's Verify Step by Step: A Process Supervision Approach to Reward Modeling
Intermediate
17
2023 Open & Efficient
LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models
Intermediate
18
2023 Open & Efficient
Mistral 7B
Intermediate
19
2023 Open & Efficient
Ring Attention with Blockwise Transformers for Near-Infinite Context
Intermediate
20
2023 Frontier Models
Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models
Intermediate
21
2023 Frontier Models
Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces
Intermediate
22
2022 Frontier Models
Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback
Intermediate
23
2024 Agents & Reasoning
Scaling LLM Test-Time Compute Optimally Can be More Effective than Scaling Model Parameters
Intermediate
24
2025 Agents & Reasoning
rStar-Math: Small LLMs Can Master Math Reasoning with Self-Evolved Deep Thinking
Intermediate
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